A planarizable push–pull molecular probe with mechanosensitive properties was investigated at several biomimetic interfaces, consisting of different phospholipid monolayers located between dodecane and an aqueous buffer solution, using the interface-specific surface-second-harmonic-generation (SSHG) technique. Whereas the SSHG spectra recorded at liquid-disordered interfaces were similar to the absorption spectra in bulk solutions, those measured at liquid-ordered phases exhibited a remarkable shift towards lower energies to an extent depending on the surface pressure of the phospholipid monolayer. On the basis of quantum-chemical calculations, this effect was accounted for by the planarization of the mechanosensitive probe. Polarization-resolved SSHG measurements revealed that the average orientation of the probe at the interface is an even more sensitive reporter of lateral pressure and order than the spectral shape. Additionally, time-resolved SSHG measurements pointed to slower dynamics upon intercalation inside the phospholipid monolayer, most likely due to the more constrained environment. This study demonstrates that the concept of mechanosensitive optical probes can be further exploited when combined with a surface-selective nonlinear optical technique.
  
Attached to electron-rich aromatic systems, sulfides are very weak acceptors; however, attached to electron-poor aromatics, they turn into quite strong donors. Here, we show that this underappreciated dual nature of sulfides deserves full consideration for the design of functional systems. Tested with newly designed and synthesized planarizable push−pull mechanophores, sulfide acceptors in the twisted ground state are shown to prevent oxidative degradation and promote blue-shifting deplanarization. Turned on in the planar excited state, sulfide donors promote red-shifting polarization. Impressive Stokes shifts are the result. Demonstrating the usefulness of time-resolved broadband emission spectra to address significant questions, direct experimental evidence for the ultrafast (3.5 ps), polarity-independent and viscosity-dependent planarization from the twisted Franck−Condon S1 state to the relaxed S1 state could be secured.

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